Introduction
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are revolutionizing the energy sector by enhancing grid stability, supporting load balancing, and facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources. However, deploying these systems brings unique challenges, such as fire hazards, thermal runaway, and equipment degradation. Additionally, integrating large-scale battery infrastructures with national grids raises concerns about grid stability, particularly as many countries lack the experience and standards for constructors to follow.
As a relatively new technology, BESS has only recently become cost-effective enough for widespread adoption as a tool in the transition to greener energy. FM Global Standards can serve as a critical reference for BESS stakeholders, offering guidance to mitigate risks, prioritize safety, and enhance operational reliability. Renowned for their expertise in insurance and technical solutions, FM Global Standards provide assurance that BESS installations are designed and constructed to the highest safety and performance standards.
Understanding FM Global Standards for BESS
FM Global Standards provide comprehensive guidelines on designing, operating, and maintaining BESS. These standards cover essential aspects, such as construction, fire protection, battery management, and equipment safety, tailored to address the unique risks associated with lithium-ion battery systems.
- Thermal Runaway Prevention
Thermal runaway remains a significant risk in lithium-ion batteries. FM Global standards recommend:- Installing high-temperature alarms at the cell level.
- Ensuring the battery management system (BMS) isolates affected modules promptly.
- Utilizing thermal barriers to prevent the propagation of heat and fire.
- Fire Protection Systems
Automatic sprinkler systems designed for a 2500 ft² area are recommended to mitigate fire risks. In scenarios where water supply is insufficient, fire-resistant barriers are suggested to minimize fire spread. - Equipment and Maintenance
Standards emphasize:- Regularly inspecting BESS components for signs of aging, overheating, or wear.
- Employing robust online monitoring systems for state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) evaluations.
- Incorporating multiple disconnection methods (manual, local, and remote) for quick response during emergencies.
Key Benefits of Compliance
- Enhanced Safety
By adhering to FM Global standards, operators can reduce risks of fire and thermal events, safeguarding both assets and personnel. - Operational Reliability
Continuous monitoring and preventive maintenance extend battery lifespan and improve system efficiency. - Regulatory Alignment
Compliance with FM standards aligns with other industry frameworks, such as NFPA 855, ensuring a broader regulatory alignment. - Cost Efficiency
Effective fire protection and maintenance reduce downtime and potential losses from catastrophic events.
Conclusion
The adoption of FM Global Standards is not merely a regulatory requirement but a strategic approach to secure the operational and financial stability of BESS installations. For businesses and stakeholders in the energy storage ecosystem, these standards provide a roadmap for risk mitigation, ensuring that the promise of energy storage is delivered safely and sustainably.
For more insights and detailed recommendations, refer to FM Global Data Sheet 5-33.